Vulval Skin Cysts: Symptoms, Treatment & UK Online Doctor Guide

Vulval skin cysts are small, fluid-filled sacs that develop just beneath the skin of the vulva (the external parts of the female genitals). While finding a lump in such a sensitive area can be naturally concerning, it is important to remember that most vulval cysts are benign (non-cancerous) and relatively common.

These cysts occur when skin cells or secretions, such as sebum or keratin, become trapped. Unlike Bartholin’s cysts, which occur specifically in the glands that provide vaginal lubrication, skin cysts can appear anywhere on the labia majora or minora. In the UK, many women manage these conditions with simple monitoring, though medical intervention is available if they become symptomatic.

Sebaceous Cysts

Sebaceous cysts are caused by a blockage in the sebaceous glands, which produce oil (sebum) for the skin. They are typically firm, round, and yellowish. They are most commonly found on the labia majora.

Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

These are the most common type of skin cyst. They occur when surface skin cells become trapped deeper in the skin, often following a minor injury or as a result of a blocked hair follicle, perhaps after shaving or waxing the bikini area.

Mucinous Cysts

These are less common and usually occur near the vaginal opening or the labia minora. They are filled with mucus and are generally soft to the touch.

Most vulval skin cysts grow slowly and do not cause any pain. You might notice them while washing or during routine self-examination. Key characteristics include:

• A small, smooth lump under the skin.
• A yellowish or skin-coloured appearance.
• Movement: the lump often feels like it can be moved slightly under the skin.
• Absence of pain or redness in most cases.

However, if a cyst becomes infected (an abscess), it may become red, swollen, and very tender. In some cases, a cyst might rupture, releasing a thick, cheese-like discharge that may have an unpleasant odour.

If you discover a new lump, the most common advice from the NHS is to have it checked by a GP to confirm the diagnosis and rule out more serious conditions. Speaking to an online doctor in the UK provides a discreet, fast, and comfortable way to discuss your symptoms from home.

During a consultation, the doctor will ask about the history of the lump, whether it is changing, and if you have other symptoms like unusual discharge or pain. While a physical examination is usually necessary for a definitive diagnosis, a GP online can provide an initial assessment, offer advice on symptom management, and issue a sick note or referral if the condition is affecting your ability to work or requires specialist gynaecological review.

Treatment for vulval skin cysts depends on their size and whether they are causing bother. NICE guidelines suggest that asymptomatic cysts often require no treatment other than reassurance.

• Home Care: Warm compresses applied for 10-15 minutes several times a day can help encourage a small cyst to drain naturally. It is vital never to squeeze or pop a cyst, as this can lead to severe infection and scarring.
• Antibiotics: If the cyst shows signs of infection, a GP may prescribe a course of oral antibiotics to clear the bacteria.
• Incision and Drainage: For larger or recurring cysts, a minor surgical procedure under local anaesthetic may be required to drain the fluid and remove the sac to prevent it from coming back.

While you cannot always prevent cysts, maintaining good vulval health can reduce the risk of blocked follicles and irritation. Healthcare professionals recommend avoiding scented soaps, bubble baths, or vaginal deodorants. Using plain water or unperfumed emollient washes is sufficient. Additionally, wearing breathable cotton underwear and avoiding tight-fitting synthetic clothing can help the skin remain healthy.