Male Fertility: Sperm Health & UK Online Doctor Advice
Educational information — not medical advice.
This article was prepared by the OnlineDoctor24 editorial team and reviewed for factual accuracy against UK clinical guidance (NHS and NICE). It is not written by a doctor and does not replace personal medical advice. For symptoms specific to you, book an online doctor consultation.
Key points
- Male factor contributes to ~50% of infertility cases.
- Investigate after 12 months of trying (6 months if female partner is over 35).
- Semen analysis is the key first test.
- Lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, weight, heat) significantly affects sperm.
When to test
If you've been trying for 12 months without success (or 6 if your partner is over 35), arrange a semen analysis. Earlier if there are known risk factors (chemotherapy history, undescended testicles, previous mumps).
What affects sperm
- Smoking — reduces count and motility.
- Excess alcohol.
- Obesity.
- Heat (hot tubs, tight underwear, laptop on lap).
- Anabolic steroids — devastating for sperm; effect can be permanent.
- Some prescription medications.
Improving fertility
- Stop smoking, reduce alcohol.
- Lose excess weight.
- Avoid recreational drugs.
- Address heat exposure.
- Have sex every 2–3 days throughout the cycle (not just at ovulation).
Frequently asked questions
Common questions UK patients ask about male fertility.
How an online doctor can help
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This article is for general information only and does not replace personal medical advice from a qualified doctor. Content is reviewed against UK NHS and NICE guidance by the OnlineDoctor24 editorial team and is not authored by a medical doctor. If your symptoms worsen or you are unsure, please book a consultation with a GMC-registered GP.
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